The lineage diversities may explain the observed differences in tissue topography and physiological function. The enamel develops from cells derived from the ectoderm of the oral cavity, whereas the cementum, dentin, and pulp tissues are derived from neural crest-mesenchyme cells of ectodermal and mesodermal origins ( Figure 1A Miletich and Sharpe, 2004 Thesleff and Tummers, 2008 Caton and Tucker, 2009 Koussoulakou et al., 2009). Remarkably, the tooth tissues originate from different cell lineages. Odontogenesis or teeth generation undergoes several complex developmental stages that are yet to be fully defined ( Smith, 1998 Zheng et al., 2014 Rathee and Jain, 2021). Teeth are viable organs made up of well-organized structures with numerous but defined specific shapes ( Magnusson, 1968). In this review article, we will discuss the tooth anatomy and dental stem cells with a particular interest on the current advances in adult human DPSCs including their origin, biological characteristics, heterogenicity, differentiation, and immunomodulatory potentials, as well as paracrine effects and pre-clinical and clinical applications. Therefore, DPSCs have the potential to be a promising personalized patient-specific stem cells source for regenerative therapy. Significantly, DPSCs’ stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiating capabilities are not compromised after cryopreservation ( Zhang et al., 2006 Pilbauerova et al., 2021b). Their isolation procedure involves non-invasive techniques and has no notable ethical constraints. In comparison to other adult stem cells, DPSCs are noted for their high recovery rate from the disposable dental pulp after occlusion management. Subsequently, several investigators have reported DPSCs’ isolation, characterization, differentiation, and banking ( Atari et al., 2012 Ferro et al., 2012a Tirino et al., 2012). DPSCs were initially isolated and characterized by Gronthos et al. The main objective of the manuscript is to review the current literature related to the human DPSCs derived from the third molar, with a focus on their physiological properties, isolation procedures, culture conditions, self-renewal, proliferation, lineage differentiation capacities and their prospective advances use in pre-clinical and clinical applications.ĭental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a unique population of cells embedded within the pulp cavity of the impacted third molars. The underlying causes of DPSCs’ heterogeneity remain poorly understood however, their heterogeneity emerges as a consequence of an interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic cellular factors. Nevertheless, genotypic, and phenotypic heterogeneities have been reported for DPSCs subpopulations which may influence their therapeutic potentials. DPSCs have promising characteristics including self-renewal capacity, rapid proliferation, colony formation, multi-lineage differentiation, and pluripotent gene expression profile. DPSCs have been isolated and characterized by several groups. Recently, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been traced in third molars of adult humans. The use of adult stem cells is of particular interest when it comes to dynamic applications in translational medicine. The fields of regenerative medicine and stem cell-based tissue engineering have the potential of treating numerous tissue and organ defects. 4Biointelligence Technology Systems S.L., Barcelona, Spain.3Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.2Department of Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.1Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait.Ashraf Al Madhoun 1,2*†, Sardar Sindhu 2,3†, Dania Haddad 1, Maher Atari 4, Rasheed Ahmad 3* and Fahd Al-Mulla 1
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |